What is Toe-In & Toe-Out?
The vehicle’s Toe is the most critical alignment setting relative to tire wear. if the toe setting is just 1/32-inch off of its appropriate setting, each tire on that axle will scrub almost 3 1/2 feet sideways every mile, therefore reducing tire life.
Like camber, the toe will change depending on vehicle speed, as aerodynamic forces change the riding height, affecting the steering linkage due to the geometry of the steering linkage in relation to the geometry of the suspension.
The toe angle identifies the tires' direction compared to the vehicle's centerline. The rear-wheel drive vehicle “pushes” the front tires as they roll along the road; resistance causes some drag resulting in the rearward movement of the suspension arms against their bushings. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles use the positive toe to compensate for suspension movement.
Front-wheel drive vehicle “pulls” the vehicle, resulting in a forward movement of the suspension arms against their bushings. Most front-wheel drive vehicles use the negative toe to compensate for suspension movement. Toe can also be used to alter a vehicle’s handling traits. Increased toe-in will reduce oversteer, steady the car and enhance high-speed stability.
Increased toe-out will reduce understeer and free up the car, especially during the initial turn-in while entering a corner.
Before adjusting the toe outside the vehicle manufacturer’s specification to manipulate handling, be aware that the toe setting influences tire wear. Excessive toe settings often cause drivability problems, especially during heavy rain. This is because most highways have tire groves from the daily use by loaded tractor-trailers. These heavy vehicles leave groves that fill with water. When one of the vehicle's front tires encounters a puddle, it loses some of its grips, and the other tire’s toe setting will push, causing excessive toe-in or pull, causing excessive toe-out. This may cause the vehicle to feel unstable.
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